Agent Orange :: Vietnam War Essays

Agent Orange In 1961, the United States began spraying herbicides in its military campaign to defoliate the jungles of southern Vietnam. Mimicking Smokey Bear, American pilots chuckled "Remember! Only you can prevent forests," as they dropped weed killers over target sites. But as research progressed, the true nature of the chemicals which they were spraying came to light. It is certainly no longer a laughing matter when it is realized that Agent Orange, a major herbicide used, could be as deadly to humans as it is to plants. The military research of herbicides dates back to World War II (1). Ineffectiveness prevented them from being used in the war. By the late 1950’s, however, herbicides developed could defoliate a large variety of plants. Naturally, they were thought to be a great weapon in combating jungle warfare. Applied to the Vietnam War, herbicides were used to defoliate the jungle and to destroy crops. Defoliation stripped the jungle of vegetation. Left barren, it no longer provided camouflage for the Viet Cong, their supply routes and base camps which would be more prone to aerial attacks. Crop destruction denied the communists of local food sources. This forced them to divert more resources to provide and transport foods other regions. But just as important, crop destruction also weakened enemy morale and forced villagers to move to cities where they could be more easily controlled. The program for spraying herbicides over Vietnam was code named Operation Trail Dust. It began in 1961 and peaked from 1967 to 1969 (2). Various methods were employed to systematically spray these chemicals. On ground, they were used by soldiers to clear the perimeters of their base camps. Riverboats were used to spray the riverbanks. Most damage to the jungle was done by air. The Air Force Operation Ranch Hand, as it was called, used C-123 cargo aircrafts and helicopters to drop the majority of the herbicides used. There were many types of herbicides used by the United States in Vietnam. Each was named after the color of the 4-inch band painted around the 55-gallon drums in which it was contained: Agent White, Purple, Blue, Green, Pink and Orange. In all, 19.4 million gallons of herbicides were used, 60% of which were Agent Orange (2). The effects of the sprayings on the jungle were immediately recognizable. Estimates show that six million acres or twenty percent of the entire land area of the Republic of South Viet Nam was covered with chemical poisons (3).

Concept Of Promoting Healthy Ageing Health And Social Care Essay

Ageing is non an event that can happen over a period of clip but a procedure which begins at construct and continues throughout the life ( Crandell 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Cheng ( 2006 ) & A ; Baltes ( 1990 ) , ageing is more than the series of biological alterations. Ripening can be defined by gender, category, societal standing, and civilization instead than twelvemonth alone.Ageing is an inevitable and irreversible procedure ( Brown 1994 ) . Shukla and Brooks ( 1996 ) province the constituent of successful ripening. Harmonizing to them successful ageing depends in the capacity of the person to accommodate, version to alterations in the bodily map, to relationships and to alterations in outlook and resources. The paradigm definition of healthy ageing harmonizing to Lin ( 2006 ) , as healthy independency, household, fiscal security, life adaptation, personal growing and friends/relative relationship. Harmonizing to single perceptual experience, ageing is regarded as something unplea sant, utile, and unneeded and above all, unwanted ( Mesec,2000 & A ; ; Zupancic,2004 ) Rountree ( 2010 ) describes the ageing procedure. Rountree ( 2010 ) in his article told that as the age increases, the organic structure bit by bit loses the ability to react to environment abuses. This lead to effects on a cellular and molecular degree, such as dislocation of cell organs, membranes and enzymes in the organic structure. In the scientific term, this biological procedure of ripening is called Senescence. Senescence leads to loss of organ revere ; diminishing the ability to react to emphasize ; loss of flexibleness ; decelerating of cognitive procedures ; degenerative joint disease ; diminishing centripetal sharp-sightedness ; loss of tolerance to trouble or temperature alterations ; impaired alimentary soaking up ; worsening immune responses and other alterations. These Physiologic alterations in bend, consequence in an increased hazard for common disease, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, dementedness, malignant neoplastic disease, degenerative arthritis ( OA ) , autoimmunity and others. Rountree ( 2010 ) describes the assorted internal and external factors that leads to Aging. In molecular degree, everybody tonss of tissue, mundane tonss of tissue harm takes topographic point. This all consequences in the release of free groups. Further will damage DNA and the delicate membranes in our cells and cell organs particularly chondriosomes. The Elaborate system of enzymes will assist us to neutralize free groups and mend the harm to our cells and tissues. As age increases the system of enzymes become inactive and familial look of these enzymes diminutions. This all consequences in relentless weariness, decreased staying power, stiffness and achings and strivings that occur after reasonably everyday exercising. External factors include things like fume, firing organic stuffs, ultrasound ( UV ) radiation and other signifiers of ionising radiation. Even medical look into up or testing trials such as X raies, bone scans and computed axial imaging ( CAT ) scans generate free g roups that will ensue in harm of tissue, which leads to long term effects ( Rountee,2010 ) . Rountee ( 2010 ) besides states that presences of sugar/glucotoxity is besides one of the factors that causes ageing. Every clip we eat tonss of sugar, the chondriosome leaks alots of free groups that damage tissue. Besides, high degree of fruit sugar are converted in the liver to triglycerides. These triglycerides normally pack the liver with fat and hence interfere with insulin sensitiveness. So, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity will take to increased redness in the organic structure. When we are immature, the inflammatory procedure heals rapidly. The relentless low- class redness induced by bad diets and unhealthy life style actively contributes to the wear and tear of the system over clip ( rountree,2010 ) . It means toxic chemicals and metals are the root cause of accelerated ripening. Westendorp ( 2006 ) states some of the reasons/ factors that lead to additions in chronic lessening. They are increasing life anticipation along with better sanitation, interventions for infective d isease, and improved entree to medical attention, understanding of wellness hazards and modified hazard factors. Research based lifestyle recommendations to keep physical and cognitive verve include womb-to-tomb acquisition and rational stimulation, regular exercising, ongoing societal activities, emphasis reduction patterns, sound slumber with graphic dreaming ; emotional fluidness and look ; regular sexual activity, optimum nutrition with appropriate Calories intake. Kaw & A ; Colleagues ( ) stated that the mortality hazard for people who are non tobacco users, who exercise on a regular basis, have a moderate intoxicant consumption and who have a plasma Vitamin C & gt ; 50 mmol/L ( bespeaking fruit and vegetable consumption of at least five helpings a twenty-four hours ) was the equivalent of being 14 old ages younger in chronological age, compared with people who engaged in none of these behaviors. So that means by following simple four things like exercising, make non smoke, devour low to chair sum of intoxicant, eating an copiousness of fruits and veggies in their repasts will assist to be tter their opportunities of life thirster and healthier In the scenario, Dorris wellness was all right before the decease of her hubby. She has enjoyed comparatively good wellness over the old ages and have no important episodes of sick wellness. Used to make house keep plants. But after the decease of her hubby she lost involvement, finds hard to get by with mundane life. Dorris wellness was deterioting as she was non eating decently, non keeping hygiene, non making any activity. She has besides become physically frail and was sing mild confusion and freak out. Dorris should be explained the significance of self-care. Traditionally, self-care is defined as activities associated with wellness publicity ( Backman, Hentinen 1999 ; Backman, 2003 ) . She should be encouraged to take part in activities of day-to-day life, such as exercising, nutrition and relaxation, in order to advance or reconstruct their wellness. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) has summarised the cardinal findings in relation to some common diseases in ulterior life and provides an overview of dietetic steps that can be put into advancing healthy ripening. Kirkwood ( 2006 ) associated the biological alterations with ageing as a consequence of a long life accretion of molecular harm in the cells and variety meats that constitute the human organic structure, finally interrupting the cells ability to do the energy they need to work. Kirkwood ( 2006 ) besides province that cistrons and perchance foods supply can act upon fix to this harm and diet, lifestyle and environment all have the possible to determine the rate at which harm to cells is accumulated. Harmonizing to National Statistics ( 2004 ) , the morbidity informations from the UK general study indicated that, in 2004, prevalence rates of bosom and go arounding system status were 340 per 1000 population for grownups aged 75 old ages and over compared with 280 per 1000 population. The prevalence rate of long standing musculoskeletal conditions were 296 per 1000 population for grownup aged 75 old ages and over, compared with 274 per 1000 population for grownups aged 65-74 old ages ( Office for National Statistics 2004 ) .National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2007 ) estimated that about 6 in 100 people over the age of 65 will develop some grade of dementedness and this figure increases to about 20 in 100 among those over the age of 85 old ages. Coronary Vascular Disease ( CVD ) and shot are the major cause of decease in aged work forces and adult females ( Stanner and Denny 2009 ) . That means ripening is clearly an of import hazard factor. The younger age group have the similar hazard factor as the older grownups because of fleshiness, dyslipidaemia, Hypertension, smoke, low degree of physical activities and diabetes ( Stanner 2009 ) .World Health Organisation ( 2003 ) clearly mentioned that the diet for the people who have an increased hazard of developing CVD and other chronic disease. That includes diet that is energy-dense, high in fat and salt and low in complex saccharides, fruits and veggies. Stanner ( 2005 ) advised some important nutrient material that will assist in protection against CVD. They are integrating non-hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acids as prevailing signifier of fat, whole grains as the chief signifier of saccharide, an copiousness of fruits and veggies, equal Z 3 fatty acids and non excessively mu ch salt. Besides with diet physical activity, reasonable imbibing wonts, turning away of smoke and care of healthy organic structure weight may forestall bulk instances of CVD in western population. Cognitive diminution is besides the most common disease that occurs in the ulterior portion of life. It means mental damage and dementedness ( Stanner 2009 ) . It occurs as the consequence of chronic degenerative encephalon disease. It has a great impact on a individual liberty and independency. That ‘s why there is a great demand of forestalling or proroguing cognitive damage ( WHO, 2002 ) . By following many facets of life styles including the increased physical activity rational mental stimulation, turning away of smoke and assorted facets of life have been associated with healthy ripening ( Clarke, 2009 ) . The hazard of cognitive diminution and shot include high consumption of Na ( salt ) , fat, energy and intoxicant. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) province that under nutrition and nutritionary lacks in older grownups besides are a beginning of concern in relation to cognitive diminution. The Hazard of Dementia and Alzheimer ‘s disease increases as the addition in the de gree of sulfur incorporating aminic acids additions. To forestall the hazard of Alzheimer ‘s disease the Mediterranean diet, which contains plentifulness of fruits and veggies, leguminous plants, unsaturated fatty acids and fish, can be helpful ( Scarmeas, Stern & A ; Tang, 2006 ) . Osteoporosis and arthritis are besides one of the jobs that ageing people has to endure. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) mentioned the consciousness sing the bone wellness and bar in osteoporosis. As current figures estimate that one in three adult females and one in 12 work forces over the age of 55 old ages will endure from osteoporosis. In order to forestall osteoporotic break, equal consumptions of Ca and vitamin D are cardinal to guarantee optimisation of peak mass attainment ( Loveridge & A ; Lanham – New, 2009 ) . Lack of vitamin D position is besides one of the causes of falls ( Finch & A ; Doyle, 1998 ) . A diet that contains equal protein and vitamin K is rich in fruits and veggies and low in salt may besides assist to detain bone ageing. Avoiding fleshiness will assist in order to forestall degenerative arthritis and weight loss will move as an effectual manner of cut downing hurting and disablement in patients with knee degenerative arthritis ( Dieppe, 2009 ) . Oral wellness is besides one of the of import points to be kept in head to advance healthy ageing. In the UK 58 % of grownups aged 75 old ages and over have no natural dentitions and rely on dental plates ( Steele, Sheiham & A ; Marcenes, 1998 ) . The older people holding tends to eat un healthy diet holding low in fruit and veggies, low in of import foods such as vitamin C and potentially higher in fat ( Walls, 2009 ) . There are so many factors that will in tooth loss. One of the most common grounds is nutrition on dentitions that result in development of dental cavities and therefore consequence in tooth loss ( Moynehan & A ; Petersen, 2004 ) . The frequence of sugar consumption ( in the signifier of sugar incorporating medical specialty ) is one of the common grounds of holding dental cavities. That ‘s why dentist normally recommended restricting consumption of sugar incorporating nutrients and drinks to four occasions per twenty-four hours ( Moynehan & A ; Petersen, 2004 ) . Besides some minerals such as Ca, Zn, Mg, Sr and fluoride are involved in remineralisation of dentitions and can assist protect against cavities. Besides Fe, vitamin B12 and foliate may assist in building in the immune system and assist them from unwritten infection and protect unwritten wellness. In the scenario, Dorris have age of 87years.She is populating entirely. Her hubby died some 6 months ago because of MI Core. Earlier when she was populating with her hubby the wellness was good. As shortly her hubby died, she was non at all making anything merely sitting on the chair. She was non at all taking attention of her nutritionary position. She lost 13 kilogram of weight in the past 6 month. Her hubby had a history of MI Core. So she must be advised sing the diet healthy for her bosom, as she is excessively holding a hazard of holding CVD. The diet must incorporate energy-dense, high in fat and salt and low in complex saccharides, fruits and veggies. Besides, she must be encouraged to take part in physical activity, reasonable imbibing wonts, turning away of smoke and care of healthy organic structure weight.

The Remains Of The Day By Kazuo Ishiguro And The Play...

Our most basic memory is the meaning of the word itself. When that word is flashed in front of us, our minds immediately conclude that a memory is a recollection of a past event. But, out of the millions of long and short-term memories in the archives of our brains, what makes us remember specific events and forget others? To what extent do memories serve as a guideline to the type of personality and characteristics an individual displays? In the novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro and the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, memories are used for the understanding of main characters. Ishiguro uses memories to narrate Stevens’ past working for royalty and his struggle to transition into the modern world. Miller uses†¦show more content†¦He will always try to live up to the high standards his father set for himself as he did that night. In Death of a Salesman Willy is abandoned by his father at a very young age as well as his brother Ben who leaves for Alaska where he makes a fortune. In addition, Willy and his son Biff are constantly in dispute over Willy’s opinion that Biff lacks a real job and has no purpose to his life. At Frank’s Chophouse, when Biff returns from an interview with a potential employer, Willy is expecting good news. As the two go back and forth arguing and not listening to each other, Willy begins to ramble and has a flashback from the past. Unaware of his surrounding and the conversation he is presently in, he says, â€Å"No, no! You had to go and flunk math! †¦ If you hadn’t flunked you’d’ve been set by now!† (Miller 65) Willy is remembering the fact that Biff was not able to graduate high school because he failed his math class. Willy, in distress, hurries into the bathroom and continues to babble while his two sons, Biff and Happy, leave the restaurant abandoning their father. This memory that Willy recalls shows that he feels responsible for his son s failur e and will never forget the reason Biff did not end up successful which ultimately led to the abandonment of father by son. When reflecting on the past a sense of regret arises when feelings of missed opportunities are thought of. In The Remains of the Day Stevens comes to the realization that he missed an opportunityShow MoreRelated Work and Happiness in Death of a Salesman and Remains of the Day2913 Words   |  12 PagesWork and Happiness in Death of a Salesman and Remains of the Day      Ã‚  Ã‚   What a person does to make a living often defines who that person is. Because so much time and energy is invested into work, work is often seen as an extension of oneself. One of the first questions that someone asks after meeting you for the first time is about what you do for a living. The belief is that by knowing what you do, one should be able to tell something about who you are. People almost never ask the more telling

The exchange rate risks and the factors that managers should consider - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2472 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Exchange rate risk is one of the most important factors managers should consider while dealing in outside the country in foreign currency. To reduce the volatility in future cash flows and to protect from losses due to change in currency rates stimulates the firm to go for a hedging strategy to cater currency risk problem. Billing in home currency, Forwards, Futures, Options and hedging through money markets are the potential strategies firm can adopt to hedge their currency risk. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The exchange rate risks and the factors that managers should consider" essay for you Create order Giving right to purchase or sale not the obligation, paying premium at the time of contract and to some extent the flexibility in exercising the contract are the potential factors that discriminate Currency forward options with currency forward fixed contracts. The right to buy or sale allows the firm to minimize the risk and maximize the profits as compared to option contract at the cost of premium paid at the time of contract. In the case of firm it was found that the selecting forward contract is the best hedging strategy as company can get maximum proceeds in dollars from this strategy as compared to billing in US dollars or money market hedge. Company can earn 33306022.4 dollars from forward contract which is 744399.5 dollars more than billing in US dollar strategy and 342602.6 dollars more than money market strategy. 1. Introduction: Today this is a world of globalization where firms are broadening their activities across the boundaries and not restricted themselves for local operations only. Access to new markets, raw materials, new technology, to seek production efficiency, diversification and to avoid political and regulatory risks are the potential factors that stimulate the firms to go global (Brigham and Houston, 2008:747). While dealing in across the border a number of factors like exchange rate risk, political risk, regulatory risk, cultural and language differences can affect the decision making of managers. Exchange rate risk is one of the most important factors in this respect. Exchange rate is the specified units of a given currency that are equal to the one unit of another currency. So whenever international financial managers are dealing in foreign currency instead of their local currency, an analysis of exchange rate risk should make to assess the real value of transaction. 2. Why hedging Exchange Rate risk: Exchange rate risk management becomes more critical for the firms dealing in import and export where change in currency rate can lead to a volatile cash flow. It was Adler and Dumas who have explain the exchange rate exposure phenomena as the volatility in cash flows because of unexpected increase or decrease in foreign exchange rate (1984). As a key source of uncertainty for companies exchange rates evidenced a volatility of ten times of inflation rate and four times of interest rate all over the world (Jorion, 1990). Froot et al. have found that volatility in the cash flows due to change in exchange rates can lead to a shortage of finance and as a result direct the company for costly external financing (1993). Though researchers found a small economical and significant effect between firmacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value and the change in exchange risk (Griffin and Stutz, 2001) but still it increases opportunity cost and the uncertainty about the future cash flows. So hedging exchan ge rate risk is very important to avoid this uncertainty of losses. As the firm is expecting to receive 500 million Mexican pesos in next 6 months while those Pesos will be used in home country. So after receiving those pesos they have to convert into dollars to use in US. Today if company receives those 500 Poses and converted it on spot bid rate (rate at which you can buy Dollars in exchange of other specified currency at the spot) then firm will receive 500000000 / 15.3555 = 32561622.9 dollars. But firm will get these Pesos in next 6 month and what will happen if the spot bid rate does change? Now suppose if the Mexican Pesos depreciated after 6 month and spot bid rate changes from 15.3555 to 15.5 Poses/Dollar and firm converted those Poses into Dollar then the firm will receive 500000000 / 15.5 = 32258064.5 Dollars which is 303558.4 (32561622.9 32258064.5 = 303558.4) less than today amount of Dollars if converted. So it is very important to manage this risk arises due to change in exchange rate and hedging exchange rate risk to avoid future cash flow volatility. 3. Techniques of hedging Exchange Rate risk: Above illustration shows the importance of hedging exchange rate risk especially when foreign currency is expected to appreciate for an importer or depreciation in foreign currency for an exporter while payments or receipts are made in foreign currency. Firms use derivative instruments to hedge their exchange rate risk and to avoid the volatility in their cash flows all over the world (Froot et al., 1993). Following are techniques to hedge exchange rate in this respect. 3.1 Billing in home currency: While dealing in foreign exchange currencies in their operations one can deal in three different currencies Home Currency Counter partyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s home currency Third country currency Dealing with home currency transaction is the easiest way to hedge the currency risk as whenever the payment is paid you will receive in home currency and no need to convert it with other currency that can lead to volatile cash flows, but this holds true if home currency is stronger and expected to appreciate with respect to that currency (Grath, 2008:98). While if foreign currency is expected to appreciate i.e. forward rate is less than spot rate then you can hedge yourself through forward contracts with more returns. 3.2 Currency Forwards: It is an obligatory sale or purchase agreement of a specified number of units of a currency with a specified exchange rate in replace of another currency at a future date. The agreed rate can be different from spot rate but it did not assure that on that future date spot price of that currency will be same as this forward rate. This forward rate is been determined according to interest rates and to market situation plus bank commission (Grath, 2008:98). These are over the counter contracts and time period of the transaction should be more than 2 days after transaction and in the foreign exchange market nearly 10 percent of all transactions are forward contracts (Homaifar, 2004:41). It is an obligation on both the parties and at the maturity of contract one party has to sale and other has to purchase that specified numbers of units at that agreed price. In these contracts one can hedge his exchange rate risk by transferring it to the counter party. Currency forward contracts allows a firm to hedge its exchange rate risk by locking the price to be paid against foreign currency as the value of that currency may appreciate over time (Madura, 2006). For example as firm is expected to receive 500 million Pesos whose spot rate is 15.3555 and we made a 6 month forward contract whose rate is 15.0123 and hedge our risk. Now whatever the spot price will be after 6 months bank is obligatory to exchange those Pesos at 15.0123 exchange rates and risk has been transferred to bank. If the spot rate at that time is more than forward rate then bank will enjoy premium and if the exchange rate falls than forward rate than risk bank will bear losses. Though currency rate risk is been catered in forwards with customized options but as these are over the counter contracts usually made by bank, so the risk of default of that bank is associated and on the other hand liquidity before maturity of these contracts are also been an issue to be considered. 3.3 Futures Contract Having all features of forward contracts but standardized features along with trading in exchange makes it different from forwards. As Futures are traded on exchange, so the risk of default is guaranteed by that exchange. Unlike forwards these are standardized contracts where you just have to choose your contract. 3.4 Currency Options: These are the contracts in which the buyer of option has the right, but not the compulsion to sale or buy a specified number of units of a currency at a agreed rate during some future date (Grath, 2008:101). Unlike forward or futures it did not create obligations to the party to execute the contract but it provides the right to the option holder whether to execute the contract or not at the time of maturity. A call option provides to its owner the right to purchase while a put option gives the right to sell a specified number of foreign currency in exchange of home currency at a particular price (also called strike price), on or before some specified expiration date (Marcus, 2004:656). Option holder has to pay some premium at the time of contract but at the withdrawal option holder will loss that premium. Both options at over the counter and tradable options are available. Suppose you buy a put option to sell 5oo million Mexican Poses after 6 month with a premium of $1000 at the ra te of 15.2 Poses / Dollar and today spot price is 15.3555 Poses / Dollar. Now after 6 months total value of option will be $32893736.8 (500000000 / 15.2 $1000). You will exercise the put option if the spot rate at that time will be at least 15.2004 poses / dollars (500000000 / 32893736.8) as at this level there is no profit and no loss. So decrease in spot rate at that time from this level will increase the profitability in dollars while any increase from this level will lead to withdraw from option as it will increase the loss. 3.5 Hedging through Money Market: It is a process by which one can borrow and deposits different currencies in different countries having different interest rates to eliminate the currency risk. Here the logic is different interest rates in different countries and we try to cater our currency risk through those interest rate differentials. 4. Calculations of three chosen approaches: Bid Rate Ask Rate Spot rate (Peso/USD) 15.3555 15.3561 Six months forward (Peso/USD) 15.0123 15.0134 Six months interest rates U.S Mexico Deposit 3.1% p.a. 1.6% p.a. Borrowing 5.1% p.a. 2.6% p.a. 4.1 Billing in US Dollars: As firm is expecting 500 million Mexican poses in next 6 months. Now if firm contracted with its customer to pay in US dollars then today he will fix dollar amount to be paid after 6 months according to current spot rate as given. Dollars to be paid = 500000000 / 15.3555 = 32561622.9 US Dollars Now after 6 months company will receive 32561622.9 dollars from its customer and company has hedged himself to this amount of dollars. Now whatever the exchange rate will be after 6 months company will receive 32561622.9 dollars. 4.2 Currency Forward Contract: Another option that can be used to hedge currency risk is forward contract. After entering a six month forward contract company can lock the exchange price of 15.0123 poses per dollar. Now whatever the price will be after 6 month company can exchange those 500 million poses into dollars at 15.0123 poses per dollar. So after 6 month company will receive following amounts. Receipts from customers = 500000000 poses Covert to Dollar at Forward rate = 500000000 / 15.0123 = 33306022.4 Dollars So after entering forward contract company has locked the conversion price at 15.0123 and can convert those 500 million poses into 33306022.4 Dollars after 6 months. 4.3 Money Market Hedge: Company can also go for a money market hedge where firm can borrow from Mexican money market for 6 months against some interest rate to be paid and convert this amount into Dollars. Then deposit this amount in home country money market for 6 months for some interest. When receive those 500 million poses from its customer, return the loan borrowed from Mexican money market and also receive money deposited in home country money market with interest. This all process is completed in following way Step 1 Borrow required Poses from Mexican market = 500000000 / [1 + (0.026 * 6/12)] = 500000000 / 1.013 = 493583416 poses Step 2 Covert these Poses into Dollars at current spot rate = 493583416 / 15.3555 = 32143754.1 Dollars Step 3 Deposit these Dollars into home money market at 5.1% p.a. Step 4 Now after 6 months firmacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s repayment of loan (Principle + interest) from Mexican market becomes due Amount due to Mexican money market = Principle + Interest = 493583416 + 6416584 = 500000000 Poses Company will repay its 500000000 Poses loan after receiving from its customer. Company also will receive his deposited 32143754.1 Dollars along with 5.1% p.a. interest rate. Amount Receive from Home money market = Principle + Interest = 32143754.1 + (32143754.1 * 0.051 * 6/12) = 32143754.1 + 819665.73 = 32963419.8 Dollars So after 6 months company will receive a total of 32963419.8 Dollars. 4.4 Recommended approach: Company should go for forward contract to hedge its currency rate risk as company will receive maximum amount of dollars after 6 month in this approach. If company goes for billing in US dollars then it will receive 32561622.9 dollars which is not a good option as the forward rate is less than spot rate and company can gain 33306022.4 Dollars through forward contract even more than the proceeds will receive from money market hedge approach. In exercising the forward contract company can hedge his currency risk and also will earn 744399.5 (33306022.4 32561622.9) dollars more than billing n US dollar option and 342602.6 (33306022.4 32963419.8) more than the money market option. 5. Forward exchange fixed V/S forward exchange option contracts: Following are the critical features that distinguish these two Forward exchange fixed and forward exchange option contracts. 5.1 Option but not obligation: The main feature that differentiate forward option contract with forward fixed contract is the right to execute the contract and not the obligation. In option contract option holder can cancel the contracts while loosing his premium amount (Grath, 2008:101). This feature of option provides option holder more flexible risk management as he can cancel the deal if observing low proceeds of amount and also can got high profits if the exchange spot rate increases as compared to strike price (option exchange rate). While in forward you make a 100% hedge and lack at one price. 5.2 Premium: No premium is required to enter in a forward contract while for a forward option contract premium is required which act as insurance premium determined and varying according to interest rate level, market condition, time period of contract and expected fluctuations in currency Grath, 2008:102). This feature of options can make it costly as compared to forwards. But on the other hand it can also provide an opportunity for high profits. Unlike options there is no such premium required to enter in a forward contract but a little margin or commission. 5.3 Trading: Forwards are available in over the counter market while options can be accessed through both traditional and over the counter market. So both tailor made and standardized option contracts are available. 5.4 Exercise Time: As it is very difficult for an importer to figure out the exact time of payment or proceeds will receive in foreign currency, so option contract also can provide this kind of flexibility. For example if today (1 April) you but an option for 6 months at a strike rate of 15.43 Poses / Dollars and in agreement it is given that you can exercise this agreement from 1st September to 30th September. Now you have more flexibility in exercising the contract according to your need during the month of September. But in the case of forward contract you fix a future date and the contract will be exercised on that particular date.

Personal Reflection On Emotional Intelligence - 1640 Words

[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Rodha Albaker INM407 Reflective Essay Emotional Intelligence- Personal Reflection Introduction and Definition of EI The topic of our group presentation was Emotional Intelligence (EI), a term that refers to the convergence of emotion and intelligence; that is, the ability to recognise one s own emotions and the emotions of others. According to Mayer and Geher (1996). There are physical cues (such as facial expressions and posture) that are universally-accepted as universally representative of emotions, and thus, and inability to recognise emotions plays a role in hindering self-awareness and self-insight. Once one is able to recognise emotions in him/herself and others, he or she can use this knowledge to regulate one s own emotions and motivate, plan, and achieve life goals. EI plays an important role within management and leadership, particularly when it comes to maintaining job satisfaction among employees (Shooshtarian, Ameli and Aminilari, 2013). This is particularly important as employees who report high levels of job satisfaction are also shown to perform better in their professional du ties (Ferris et al., 2010). Personal Goals and EI I strive to be a good leader and reach the fullest of my potential; and through learning to understand both my own emotions and the emotions of others, I can convey the empathy required to connect with other people and work towards greater goals. According to Semadar, Robins Ferris,Show MoreRelatedThe Adolescent Social Emotional Management Program1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adolescent Social-Emotional Management Program is designed to implement aspects of Mayer and Salovey’s theory of ability emotional intelligence, Goleman’s theory of mixed emotional intelligence, and cognitive behavioral therapy to teach adolescents how to effectively understand and manage their emotions, as well as understand the emotions of others. Additionally, adolescents will learn skills necessary to lead successful lives outside of treatment that include self-awareness, motivation, andRead MoreMy Experiences After Attending The Practice Of Public Health Leadership998 Words   |  4 Pages urge for personal authenticity and an appreciation of the power of vulnerability in leadership. Through personal interactions with other students and presenters as well as the group activities, I have realised that the success of the team depends on recognising each other’s strengths and complementing on the weaknesses. In addition, I have learnt that effective leadership depends on team work, incorporating people with different skills and abilities. I have learnt the importance of personal reflectionRead MoreImportance of Self-Assessment in Leadership Roles1078 Words   |  4 Pageshighlight typical pitfalls in self-evaluation. SELF ASSESSMENT CAN IMPROVE EMOTIONAL SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE Emotional intelligence in leadership has been described by Prati et al. as â€Å"the ability to read and understand others in social contexts, to detect the nuances of emotional reactions, and to utilize such knowledge to influence others through emotional regulation and control† (Prati et al., 2003). 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Breast Implants Essay Research Paper Theresa Ann free essay sample

Breast Implants Essay, Research Paper Theresa Ann Vasquez Mr. P. Landino English 106 22. January 2001 Breast Implants Why would a adult female acquire breast implants? Is it needed or wanted? In some might state that they are? needed? for adult females who need rehabilitative surgery due to breast malignant neoplastic disease. Others might state that they? desire? the implants to do them experience better or look better, which comes from low self-pride. Whatever your grounds are, evidently we all agree that the determination is of a really personal nature. A determination that poses a serious menace because of the possible hazards involved. There are many unwellness and upsets you can see. Breast Implants have been around since the 1960? s. Dow Corning was a well-known maker of the one time silicone filled implants. In 1992, FDA ruled that they be taken off the market. There were so many complications that in 1994, if you had a rupture of your silicone implants you were denied wellness insurance ( internet-connect ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Implants Essay Research Paper Theresa Ann or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since so saline implants have taken over but the possible unwellnesss and complications are still present. As Dr. David Feigal, manager of the FDA? s Center for Devices A ; Radiological Health ( onhealth.webmd ) explains, ? adult females should understand that chest implants do non last a life-time? . In fact, extra surgery may be needed because they tend to deteriorate over clip. Twenty per centum of the adult females needed extra surgery after merely three old ages. Womans who use implants for rehabilitative grounds are more likely to necessitate those extra surgeries than person who merely did it to hold bigger chests. The sarcasm of this point is, implants interfere with mammograms doing it hard to do accurate readings of a potentially cancerous ball. The technicians must be reminded that you have implants or else there is besides the hazard of rupture from the trial itself. The attractive forces for most adult females who want implants are really few but strongly motivative and persuasive. First there is the monetary value. You can anticipate to pay anyplace from $ 4,500 or more ( onhealth ) . Second, there is the recovery clip. Most adult females go home the same twenty-four hours and are back to work in a hebdomad. In a short period clip of merely five hebdomads the puffiness goes down plenty to see your accurate dimensions. Third, the scarring is minimum. At first the scratch is ruddy and chunky but so fades into thin white lines that are barely noticeable ( onhealth ) . We even use silicone for other implants such as unreal bosom valves, unreal articulations, and Norplant preventives. Merely point is those implants wear? t rupture or leak into your organic structure and cause you to experience badly. If they did they would hold stopped doing them a long clip ago and turned to medical devices that didn? T contain silicone. Womans tend to allow the undermentioned information go in one ear and out the other. Implants may travel from their original place. Making them look uneven or unnatural. They may leak or deflate causing harm to the environing tissue doing it necessary for immediate remotion or replacing. If they become covered by thick panic tissue, they could do the chest to go difficult and excessively painful to touch. You may even see loss of nipple esthesis. You can hold dimpling and puckering at the implant site. These experiences are merely the beginning. There is now a new disease they call silicone toxicity and immune disfunction syndrome ( epcha ) . Scavenger cells called macrophages are picked up by silicone and carried through out the organic structure. This causes the oncoming of molecular harm called free group or oxidant hurt. What happens is the organic structure? s defence mechanisms turn on itself, doing an autoimmune reaction ( onhealth ) . It? s best described as a war within the organic structure that can do you weak and suffer from chronic weariness. You can besides endure harm to your articulations, tegument and internal variety meats. The frequences of these complications are really controversial, yet no 1 denies they occur. In decision, I propose these personal inquiries. Is it truly worth the hazard? Don? T we have adequate diseases and unwellnesss to worry about already without doing our organic structures suffer yet another? Life is full on personal determinations and some of them will impact your wellness. So, no affair what you decide to make see this. What you think will do you experience or look better may in fact make you look or feel worse. Get all the facts. Pay close attending to all the all right print and do your determination from at that place. Work Cited The Manufactures Covered Up.http: //www.internet-connect.com/implants/report The Breast Implant Story.16 April 1996.http: //onhealth.webmd.com/conditions Silicone Immune Toxicity Syndrome.1998*http: //www.ephca.com/sits.htm

Payroll Bereavement Policy

Question: Discuss about thePayrollfor Bereavement Policy. Answer: Key Factors of Bereavement According to my research there are few key factors which holds significant importance in the whole bereavement policy. There are various guides which does mention how much leave should be offered to the employees or under which circumstances those leave should be given. But according as the HRM of the floral company Ms. White must focus more on how to deal with the difficult conversations and handle them properly. Ms. White should keep in mind the grief the employee is going through and how it might impact the work. According to me the main aspects which Ms. White should consider are: Giving temporary or permanent change to the working schedule of the employees of our company. The employees going under this current phase should be referred for the programme of employee assistance. Considering the impact that this current phase have on the employees performance and attendance. Also Ms. White should look into the factor whether the employee is supporting any partner or spouse (Rhinehart and Feeney, 2016). Duties of HRM As the HRM whenever an employee or coworker informs you about their situation the first thing that they expect is sympathy along with support. As per as the policies of our company the employees does have to bring this matter to the knowledge of the HRM thus you does get to know about the situation. And as expected the workers does expect comfort and sympathy during this time of grief (Canada Revenue Agency, 2017). The HRM should well consult the situation with the other staffs of human resource as they are well up to date with the policies of bereavement time, the medical leave act. The matter should be tackled keeping in mind the benefits available from health insurance, disability applications, as well as life insurance (Canada Revenue Agency, 2017). Initiatives by Ms. White Various things may happen to the coworkers or employees of our company. They may get ill or face tough times which might be their cause or doe to a near or dear relative. The initiative that the company can do to support its employee are: collect funds for the struggling employee, passing a dish during wake or funeral dinner, sending flowers or doing the needful to the hospitals, homes or funerals, helping out with home cooked meals for the employees family or the family who needs daily visit to the hospital, or signing up group cards for the fellow coworker. But the main thing which might be kept in mind is that home or hospital should never be made without the prior consent of the employee who is in this grave situation (Rhinehart and Feeney, 2016). References Canada Revenue Agency. (2017).T4001 Employers' Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/E/pub/tg/t4001/README.html [Accessed 26 Feb. 2017]. Rhinehart, M. and Feeney, J. (2016). A bereavement policy for bereavement workers.Bereavement Care, 35(2), pp.52-55.